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-
- .nf
- krmsr,krmso,kerr,kcps \fBlpread\fR ktimpnt, ifilno[, inpoles][, ifrmrate]
- ar \fBlpreson\fR asig
- ar \fBlpfreson\fR asig, kfrqratio
- .fi
-
- These units, used as a read/reson pair, use a control file of time-varying
- filter coefficients to dynamically modify the spectrum of an audio signal.
-
-
- INITIALIZATION
-
- \fIifilno\fR - control-file suffix (m) referring to a file named 'lp.m'
- containing frames of reflection coefficients and four special parameter values
- derived from n-pole linear predictive spectral analysis of a source file.
- A negative value will cause file opening and initialization to be skipped.
-
- \fIinpoles, ifrmrate\fR (optional) - number of poles, and frame rate per second
- in the lpc analysis. These arguments are required only when the control file
- does not have a header; they are ignored when a header is detected.
- The default value for both is zero.
-
-
- PERFORMANCE
-
- \fBlpread\fR accesses a control file of time-ordered information frames,
- each containing n-pole filter coefficients derived from linear predictive
- analysis of a source signal at fixed time intervals (e.g. 1/100 of a second),
- plus four parameter values:
- .br
- \fIkrmsr\fR - root-mean-square (rms) of the residual of analysis,
- .br
- \fIkrmso\fR - rms of the original signal,
- .br
- \fIkerr\fR - the normalized error signal,
- .br
- \fIkcps\fR - pitch in cps.
- .br
- \fBlpread\fR gets its values from the control file according to the input
- value \fIktimpnt\fR (in seconds). If \fIktimpnt\fR proceeds at the analysis
- rate, time-normal synthesis will result; proceeding at a faster, slower,
- or variable rate will result in time-warped synthesis. At each K-period,
- \fBlpread\fR automatically interpolates between adjacent frames
- to more accurately determine the parameter values (presented as output) and the
- filter coefficient settings (passed internally to a subsequent \fBlpreson\fR).
-
- The error signal \fIkerr\fR (between 0 and 1) derived during predictive analysis
- reflects the deterministic/random nature of the analyzed source.
- This will emerge low for pitched (periodic) material and higher for
- noisy material. The transition from voiced to unvoiced speech,
- for example, produces an error signal value of about .3.
- During synthesis, the error signal value can be used to determine the
- nature of the \fBlpreson\fR driving function: for example, by arbitrating
- between pitched and non-pitched input, or even by determining a mix of the
- two. In normal speech resynthesis, the pitched input to \fBlpreson\fR is a
- wideband periodic signal or pulse train derived from a unit such as
- \fBbuzz\fR, and the non-pitched source is usually derived from \fBrand\fR.
- However, any audio signal can be used as the driving function, the only
- assumption of the analysis being that it has a flat response.
-
- \fBlpfreson\fR is a formant shifted \fBlpreson\fR, in which \fIkfrqratio\fR
- is the (cps) ratio of shifted to original formant positions.
- This permits synthesis in which the source object changes its apparent
- acoustic size. \fBlpfreson\fR with \fIkfrqratio\fR = 1 is equivalent to
- \fBlpreson\fR.
-
- Generally, \fBlpreson\fR provides a means whereby the time-varying
- content and spectral shaping of a composite audio signal can be controlled
- by the dynamic spectral content of another.
- There can be any number of \fBlpread/lpreson\fR (or \fBlpfreson\fR) pairs
- in an instrument or in an orchestra;
- they can read from the same or different control files independently.
- .bp
-